* Dockerfile: Update base image to Ubuntu 24.04 (Noble Numbat).
* .github/workflows/build.yaml: Likewise.

* .github/workflows/build.yaml: Increase MSRV to 1.77.1.
* .github/workflows/lint.yaml: Likewise.
* Dockerfile: Likewise.

* .github/workflows/build.yaml: Upload ELF file with debugging
information.
* ports/stm32/Makefile (CFLAGS): Add -g flag.

* .github/workflows/lint.yaml (is-reuse-compliant): Bump
fsfe/reuse-action to v4.

* .github/workflows/build.yaml: Bump docker/build-push-action from 5 to
6.

Changes made using:

```
rg 'hello@foundationdevices\.com' --files-with-matches | xargs sed -i 's/hello@foundationdevices\.com/[email protected]/g'
```

…deprecation message in reuse lint

* extmod/foundation-rust/Cargo.toml (profile) <release>: Don't strip
debug information.